{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T06:03:51Z","timestamp":1722837831206},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,25]],"date-time":"2018-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":54,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hastings Center Report"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>It has been fifty years since a report by an ad hoc committee of Harvard Medical School ushered in the widespread adoption of brain death as a definition of death. Yet brain death remains disputed as an acceptable definition within bioethics. The continuous debate among bioethicists has had three key recurring features: first and foremost, argument over alleged flaws in the conceptual logic and consistency of the \u201cwhole\u2010brain\u201d approach as a description of the meaning of death; second, efforts to fix perceived limitations of brain death\u2010based practices to optimize transplantation, especially given that transplantation was the presumed original intended purpose of the definition; and third, a basic unease provoked by the experience of using the criteria and managing a body in this state of \u201cirreversible coma.\u201d<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>The third feature is the one I find the most compelling, though it is less explored, and it persists because of the failures of the prior two. Brain death remains strange\u2014to medical personnel, families, philosophers. That is not because it hasn\u2019t yet been logically argued well enough or conceptually framed adequately, but because those things don\u2019t matter as much to resolving this strangeness as the bioethical approach to brain death over the last fifty years has assumed it does. It is necessary to look to other things that can anchor the aims of medicine in the midst of this strangeness<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hast.944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,25]],"date-time":"2018-12-25T21:16:28Z","timestamp":1545772588000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Path Not Taken: <i>Beecher, Brain Death, and the Aims of Medicine<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Gary","family":"Belkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_1_1","unstructured":"Beecher was concerned about transplant as an unproven intervention with the need to police its use and with the lack of accountability with practices of withdrawing care in the name of transplantation. Transplantation was not a pressing issue at MGH at the time however appearing once in the hundreds of clinical records on care of patients in comas at MGH that I reviewed. Archived drafts of the report and its edits as well as the personal recollections of committee members indicate that the members seeking to advance transplantation found their suggestions overruled.Priorities purposes and sources lay elsewhere."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","first-page":"30","volume-title":"Pragmatism and Other Writings","author":"James W.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400846337"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3560827"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","volume-title":"Situation Ethics","author":"Fletcher J.","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","volume-title":"The Phenomenon of Life: Towards a Philosophical Biology","author":"Jonas H.","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","volume-title":"Playing God: Human Genetic Engineering and the Rationalization of Public Bioethical Debate","author":"Evans J. H.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","volume-title":"Non-Heart Beating Organ Transplantation: Medical and Ethical Issues in Procurement","author":"Medicine Institute of","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_1","volume-title":"After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory","author":"MacIntyre A.","year":"1984"}],"container-title":["Hastings Center Report"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhast.944","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hast.944","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T20:44:28Z","timestamp":1694810668000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hast.944"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hast.944"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hast.944","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0093-0334","1552-146X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0093-0334","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-146X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-12-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}