{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:32:37Z","timestamp":1791261157338,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,22]],"date-time":"2005-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1127347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Simultaneous electroencephalogram\/functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG\u2010fMRI) during interictal epileptiform discharges can result in positive (activation) and negative (deactivation) changes in the blood oxygenation level\u2010dependent (BOLD) signal. Activation probably reflects increased neuronal activity and energy demand, but deactivation is more difficult to explain. Our objective was to evaluate the occurrence and significance of deactivations related to epileptiform discharges in epilepsy. We reviewed all EEG\u2010fMRI studies from our database, identified those with robust responses (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.01, with \u22655 contiguous voxels with a |t| &gt; 3.1, including \u22651 voxel at |t| &gt; 5.0), and divided them into three groups: activation (A = 8), deactivation (D = 9), and both responses (AD = 43). We correlated responses with discharge type and location and evaluated their spatial relationship with regions involved in the \u201cdefault\u201d brain state (Raichle et al. [\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib26\">2001<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    ]: Proc Natl Acad Sci 98:676\u2013682]. Deactivations were seen in 52\/60 studies (AD+D): 26 related to focal discharges, 12 bilateral, and 14 generalized. Deactivations were usually distant from anatomical areas related to the discharges and more frequently related to polyspike\u2010 and spike\u2010and\u2010slow waves than to spikes. The \u201cdefault\u201d pattern occurred in 10\/43 AD studies, often associated with bursts of generalized discharges. In conclusion, deactivations are frequent, mostly with concomitant activation, for focal and generalized discharges. Discharges followed by a slow wave are more likely to result in deactivation, suggesting neuronal inhibition as the underlying phenomenon. Involvement of the \u201cdefault\u201d areas, related to bursts of generalized discharges, provides evidence of a subclinical effect of the discharges, temporarily suspending normal brain function in the resting state. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. \u00a9 2005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,22]],"date-time":"2005-09-22T14:30:45Z","timestamp":1127399445000},"page":"488-497","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Negative BOLD responses to epileptic spikes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Eliane","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Bagshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Grova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Dubeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Gotman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/107.1.293"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh136"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2003.01003.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2003.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00294-5","article-title":"fMRI \u201cdeactivation\u201d of the posterior cingulate during generalized spike and wave","volume":"20","author":"Archer JS","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20024"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1164"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1249"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1239\/aap\/1029955192"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03518.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.16.6082"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","first-page":"245","article-title":"Generalized epilepsy with bilateral synchronous spike and wave discharge. 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