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While only a few studies investigated the brain activation patterns following CCK\u20104, no data are available on the putative involvement of the amygdala in the CCK\u20104 elicited anxiety response. We studied the functional correlates of CCK\u20104\u2010induced anxiety in healthy volunteers by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and region of interest (ROI) analysis of the amygdala. Sixteen healthy volunteers underwent challenge with CCK\u20104 compared with placebo in a single\u2010blind design. Functional brain activation patterns were determined for the CCK\u20104\u2010challenge, the placebo response and anticipatory anxiety (AA). CCK\u20104\u2010induced anxiety was accompanied by a strong and robust activation (random effects analysis, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.00001, uncorrected for multiple testing) in the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), middle and superior frontal gyrus, precuneus, middle and superior temporal gyrus, occipital lobe, sublobar areas, cerebellum, and brainstem. In contrast, random effects group analysis for placebo and AA using the same level of significance generated no significant results. Using a more liberal level of significance, activations could be observed in some brain regions such as the dorsal part of the ACC during AA (random effects analysis, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.005). Overall functional responses did not differ between panickers and nonpanickers. Only 5 of 11 subjects showed strong amygdala activation. However, ROI analysis pointed towards higher scores in fear items in these subjects. In conclusion, while overall brain activation patterns are not related to the subjective anxiety response to CCK\u20104, amygdala activation may be involved in the subjective perception of CCK\u20104\u2010induced fear. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,19]],"date-time":"2007-12-19T16:17:21Z","timestamp":1198081041000},"page":"511-522","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Functional neuroanatomy of CCK\u20104\u2010induced panic attacks in healthy volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Eser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Leicht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Lutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Wenninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Kirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cornelius","family":"Sch\u00fcle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Karch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Baghai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Pogarell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Born","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Rupprecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Mulert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00249-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(96)02948-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(89)90200-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(81)90031-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.8.1180"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199804200-00048"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01355-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.2.261"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44075.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/713783681","article-title":"Cholecystokinin and panic disorder: Past and future clinical research strategies","volume":"61","author":"Bradwejn J","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand J Clin. 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