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However, correlation of these coarse ERP and fMRI tuning responses seems limited to the most anterior part of the VWFS in adult and adolescent readers (Brem et al. [ <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib4\">2006<\/jats:ext-link>]: Neuroimage 29:822\u2013837). We thus focused on fMRI tuning gradients of young readers with their more pronounced ERP print tuning, and compared developmental aspects of ERP and fMRI response tuning in the VWFS. Children (10.3 y, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 19), adolescents (16.2 y, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 13) and adults (25.2 y, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 18) were tested with the same implicit reading paradigm using counterbalanced ERP and fMRI imaging. The word\u2010specific occipito\u2010temporal N1 specialization, its corresponding source activity, as well as the integrated source activity (0\u2013700 ms) were most prominent in children and showed a marked decrease with age. The posterior\u2013anterior fMRI gradient of word\u2010specific activity instead which was fully established in children did not develop further, but exhibited a dependence on reading skills independent of age. To conclude, prominent developmental dissociation of the ERP and fMRI tuning patterns emerged despite convergent VWFS localization. The ERP response may selectively reflect fast visual aspects of print specialization, which become less important with age, while the fMRI response seems dominated by integrated task\u2010 and reading\u2010related activations in the same regions. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,13]],"date-time":"2009-03-13T12:29:43Z","timestamp":1236947383000},"page":"1833-1844","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["Tuning of the visual word processing system: Distinct developmental ERP and fMRI effects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Brem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Halder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Bucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Summers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernst","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Brandeis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/4.5.544"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892999563373"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/chin.7.3.119.8740"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"BrettM AntonJ\u2010L ValabregueR PolineJ\u2010B(2002):Region of interest analysis using an SPM toolbox [abstract]. 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