{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T15:52:20Z","timestamp":1779378740265,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>When studying the neural responses to acupuncture with a block\u2010designed paradigm, its temporal dynamics predicted by the general linear model (GLM) conforms to typical \u201con\u2010off\u201d variations during a limited period of the experiment manipulation. Despite a lack of direct evidence associating its psychophysiological response, numerous clinical reports suggest that acupuncture can provide pain relief beyond a needling session. Therefore, a typical GLM analysis may be insensitive or inappropriate for identifying altered neural responses resulting from acupuncture. We developed a new approach to investigate the dynamics underlying sustained effects of acupuncture. Specifically, we designed two separate models to evaluate the baseline activities (prior to stimulation) and neural activities in sequential epochs, using three block\u2010designed functional runs: acupuncture at acupoint ST36, nonmeridian point (NMP) stimulation, and a visual task. We found that the activity patterns during rest were associated with the stimulus types and that the resting activities might be even higher than that of stimulation phases. Such effects of the elevated activity during rest may reduce or eliminate the activity during stimulus conditions or even reverse the sign of brain activation using conventional GLM analysis. Moreover, such sustained responses, followed by acupuncture at ST36 and NMP, exhibited distinct patterns in wide brain structures, particularly in the limbic system and brainstem. These findings may pose great implications for the design and interpretation of a range of acupuncture neuroimaging studies. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T13:14:17Z","timestamp":1239023657000},"page":"3445-3460","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Time\u2010varied characteristics of acupuncture effects in fMRI studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Lijun","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LinLing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason G.","family":"Craggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen M.","family":"von Deneen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(00)00190-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5283.1868"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"2023","article-title":"Exploratory analysis of functional connectivity network in acupuncture study by a graph theory mode","volume":"2007","author":"Bai L","year":"2007","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Nanjing Colleges of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Essentials of Chinese Acupuncture","author":"Beijing S","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892999563265"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-01-00012.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.14.7668"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-24-09686.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.10368"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/384258a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/79871"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)01116-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-003-1125-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"309","volume-title":"Textbook of Pain","author":"Fields HL","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1616"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1999.0438"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.062381899"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35094500"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)90171-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)01164-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.86.1.402"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)01952-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(2000)9:1<13::AID-HBM2>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.04.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4717-4_78"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35016590"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200408260-00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902120104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20081"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.24.9868"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn967"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.01.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5422.1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5472.1769"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(84)90062-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2006.259427"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-4-55"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301555"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.02.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.2.676"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/368633a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","volume-title":"Co\u2010planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain","author":"Talairach J","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2003220"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199901)45:1<40::AID-ART8>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00350-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(77)90036-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"Central nervous system mechanisms for pain modulation","volume":"48","author":"Willis WD","year":"1985","journal-title":"Appl Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300364"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1995.1023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.212.1.r99jl04133"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1145"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)02983-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.10.071"}],"container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhbm.20769","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hbm.20769","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T15:39:09Z","timestamp":1697470749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hbm.20769"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hbm.20769"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.20769","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1065-9471","1097-0193"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1065-9471","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0193","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]}}}