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To address this issue, we measured DA D2\/D3 receptor (DRD2\/3) availability in twenty\u2010eight healthy men (nicotine\u2010dependent smokers and never\u2010smokers) using positron emission tomography with [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]fallypride. In the same group of participants, amygdala response to unpleasant visual stimuli was determined using blood oxygen level\u2010dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging. The effects of DRD2\/3 availability in emotion\u2010related brain regions and nicotine dependence on amygdala response to unpleasant stimuli were examined by multiple regression analysis. We observed enhanced prefrontal DRD2\/3 availability in those individuals with higher amygdala response to unpleasant stimuli. As compared to never\u2010smokers, smokers showed an attenuated amygdala BOLD response to unpleasant stimuli. Thus, individuals with high prefrontal DRD2\/3 availability may be more responsive toward aversive and stressful information. Through this mechanism, dopaminergic neurotransmission might influence vulnerability for affective and anxiety disorders. Neuronal reactivity to unpleasant stimuli seems to be reduced by smoking. This observation could explain increased smoking rates in individuals with mental disorders. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,10]],"date-time":"2009-11-10T17:24:56Z","timestamp":1257873896000},"page":"716-726","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Human dopamine receptor D2\/D3 availability predicts amygdala reactivity to unpleasant 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