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We found that participants were more risk\u2010seeking after losing a gamble (riskloss) than after winning a gamble (riskwin), a pattern resembling the gambler's fallacy. Functional MRI data revealed that decisions after riskloss were associated with increased activation in the frontoparietal network, but decreased activation in the caudate and ventral striatum. The increased risk\u2010seeking behavior after a loss showed a trend of positive correlation with activation in the frontoparietal network and the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex but a trend of negative correlation with activation in the amgydala and caudate. In addition, there was a trend of positive correlation between feedback\u2010related activation in the left lateral frontal cortex and subsequent increased risk\u2010seeking behavior. These results suggest that a strong cognitive control mechanism but a weak affective decision\u2010making and reinforcement learning mechanism that usually contribute to flexible, goal\u2010directed decisions can lead to decision biases involving random events. This has significant implications for our understanding of the gambler's fallacy and human decision making under risk. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. \u00a9 2010 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,6]],"date-time":"2010-05-06T20:11:13Z","timestamp":1273176673000},"page":"271-281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["An fMRI study of risk\u2010taking following wins and losses: Implications for the gambler's fallacy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Gui","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhonglin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irwin P.","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Bechara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"AnderssonJ JenkinsonM SmithS(2007a): Non\u2010linear optimisation. 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