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In 10 patients with extraoccipital lobe epilepsy, we compared the spectral\u2010spatial characteristics of HFOs spontaneously arising from the nonepileptic occipital cortex with those of HFOs driven by a visual task as well as epileptogenic HFOs arising from the extraoccipital seizure focus. We identified spontaneous HFOs at \u226580 Hz with a mean duration of 330 ms intermittently emerging from the occipital cortex during interictal slow\u2010wave sleep. The spectral frequency band of spontaneous occipital HFOs was similar to that of visually driven HFOs. Spontaneous occipital HFOs were spatially sparse and confined to smaller areas, whereas visually driven HFOs involved the larger areas including the more rostral sites. Neither spectral frequency band nor amplitude of spontaneous occipital HFOs significantly differed from those of epileptogenic HFOs. Spontaneous occipital HFOs were strongly locked to the phase of delta activity, but the strength of \u03b4\u2010phase coupling decayed from 1 to 3 Hz. Conversely, epileptogenic extraoccipital HFOs were locked to the phase of delta activity about equally in the range from 1 to 3 Hz. The occipital cortex spontaneously generates physiological HFOs which may stand out on electrocorticography traces as prominently as pathological HFOs arising from elsewhere; this observation should be taken into consideration during presurgical evaluation. Coupling of spontaneous delta and HFOs may increase the understanding of significance of \u03b4\u2010oscillations during slow\u2010wave sleep. Further studies are warranted to determine whether \u03b4\u2010phase coupling distinguishes physiological from pathological HFOs or simply differs across anatomical locations. Hum Brain Mapp , 2012. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,22]],"date-time":"2011-03-22T12:58:43Z","timestamp":1300798723000},"page":"569-583","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["Spontaneous and visually driven high\u2010frequency oscillations in the occipital cortex: Intracranial recording in epileptic 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