{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:51:27Z","timestamp":1791049887287,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,21]],"date-time":"2011-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1300665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) is thought to play a significant role in movement preparation cued by sensory information rather than in self\u2010initiated movements. The evidence in humans for this contention is still circumstantial. Here we explored the effects of modulation of PMd by excitability decreasing 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) versus excitability increasing 5 Hz rTMS on two forms of movement related cortical potentials: contingent negative variation (CNV) versus Bereitschaftspotential (BP) reflecting externally cued versus self\u2010triggered movement preparation. Ten healthy right\u2010handed subjects performed visually cued or self\u2010triggered simple sequential finger movements with their right hand. CNV and BP were recorded by 25 EEG electrodes covering the fronto\u2010centro\u2010parietal cortex and divided into an early (1500\u2013500 ms before a go\u2010signal or movement onset) and a late potential (500\u20130 ms). MRI\u2010navigated 1 Hz rTMS of the left PMd resulted in significant increase of the late CNV over the left central region predominantly contralateral to the prepared right hand movement, while 5 Hz rTMS had no effect on CNV. In contrast, 1 and 5 Hz rTMS did not modify BP. Control experiments of 1 Hz rTMS of the supplementary motor area (SMA) and of low\u2010intensity 1 Hz rTMS of the left primary motor cortex did not change CNV, but 1 Hz SMA\u2010rTMS increased late BP. This double dissociation of effects of PMd\u2010rTMS versus SMA\u2010rTMS on CNV versus BP provides direct evidence that the left PMd in humans is more involved in preparatory processes of externally cued rather than self\u2010initiated movements, contrasting with an opposite role of the SMA. Hum Brain Mapp 2012. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,21]],"date-time":"2011-03-21T10:03:14Z","timestamp":1300701794000},"page":"824-839","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Movement related cortical potentials of cued versus self\u2010initiated movements: Double dissociated modulation by dorsal premotor cortex versus supplementary motor area rTMS"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Ming\u2010Kuei","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noritoshi","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chon\u2010Haw","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Ziemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-10-72"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858405284255"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01105.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.84.2.986"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(00)00388-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1996.75.1.233"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-03-01227.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1997.77.4.2164"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm239"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.3.449"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(85)90070-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.79.2.1092"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-5597(97)96107-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/08989290051137602"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.12.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(96)95507-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.4.1017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(94)90051-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-884X(96)95067-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.5.915"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.6.1216"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(93)90005-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.123562"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1994.71.3.1151"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00250247"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0393"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5308","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-12-05308.2003","article-title":"Acute 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