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Cerebral activation revealed by positron emission tomography was compared among Parkinson patients with (PD\u2010ON) or without (PD\u2010OFF) STN stimulation, and a group of control subjects (CT) in two visual WM tasks with spatial (SP) and nonspatial (NSP) components. PD\u2010OFF patients displayed significant reaction time (RT) deficits for both memory tasks. Although there were no significant differences in RT between patients with PD\u2010ON and \u2010OFF stimulation, patients with PD\u2010ON stimulation performed comparably to controls. The memory tasks were executed with normal error rates in PD\u2010ON and \u2010OFF stimulation. In contrast to these behavioral results, whether the corresponding prefrontal activation was differentially affected by deep brain stimulation status in patients depended on whether the WM modality was SP versus NSP. Thus, SP WM was associated with (1) abnormal reduction in dorsolateral prefrontal activity in PD\u2010OFF and \u2010ON stimulation and (2) abnormal overactivation in parieto\u2010temporal cortex in PD\u2010OFF and in limbic circuits in PD\u2010ON stimulation. In NSP WM, normal activation of the ventral prefrontal cortex was restored in PD\u2010ON stimulation. In both visual modalities the posterior cerebral regions including fusiform cortex and cerebellum, displayed abnormally reduced activity in PD. These results indicate that PD induces a prefrontal hypoactivation that STN stimulation can partially restore in a modality selective manner by additional recruitment of limbic structures in SP WM or by recovery of the ventral prefrontal activation in NSP WM. 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