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DT MRI diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing the two motor neuron disease (MND) variants was tested. PLS and ALS patients showed a distributed pattern of abnormalities of the motor system, including the corticospinal tracts and corpus callosum (CC). PLS versus ALS patients showed a more severe damage to the motor CC fibers and subcortical white matter (WM) underlying the primary motor cortices. Both patient groups showed an extra\u2010motor damage, which was more severe in PLS. This did not appear to be driven by longer disease duration in PLS. In PLS patients, damage to the CC mid\u2010body correlated with the severity of upper motor neuron clinical burden. CC fractional anisotropy values had the highest accuracy in distinguishing PLS from controls and ALS. PLS and ALS share an overlapped pattern of WM abnormalities. This underscores that PLS, despite its distinct clinical phenotype and long survival, still lies within the wider MND spectrum. Whether CC diffusivity may be a novel marker to increase confidence in an early diagnostic separation of PLS from ALS still needs to be investigated. <jats:italic>Hum Brain Mapp 35:1710\u20131722, 2014<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2013 Wiley\u2010Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,30]],"date-time":"2013-04-30T13:40:49Z","timestamp":1367329249000},"page":"1710-1722","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Intrahemispheric and interhemispheric structural network abnormalities in PLS and ALS"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Federica","family":"Agosta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, 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