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The structural connectivity in undamaged brain tissue in neglect has barely been investigated until now. In the present study, we explored the microstructural white matter characteristics of the contralesional hemisphere in relation to neglect severity and recovery in acute stroke patients. We compared age\u2010matched healthy subjects and three groups of acute stroke patients (9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5 days after stroke): (i) patients with nonrecovered neglect (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912); (ii) patients with rapid recovery from initial neglect (within the first week post\u2010stroke,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097), (iii) stroke patients without neglect (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200917). We analyzed the differences between groups in grey and white matter density and fractional anisotropy (FA) and used fiber tracking to identify the affected fibers. Patients with nonrecovered neglect differed from those with rapid recovery by FA\u2010reduction in the left inferior parietal lobe. Fibers passing through this region connect the left\u2010hemispheric analogues of the ventral attention system. Compared with healthy subjects, neglect patients with persisting neglect had FA\u2010reduction in the left superior parietal lobe, optic radiation, and left corpus callosum\/cingulum. Fibers passing through these regions connect centers of the left dorsal attention system. FA\u2010reduction in the identified regions correlated with neglect severity. The study shows for the first time white matter changes within the spatial attention system remote from the lesion and correlating with the extent and persistence of neglect. The data support the concept of neglect as disintegration within the whole attention system and illustrate the dynamics of structural\u2010functional correlates in acute stroke.<jats:italic>Hum Brain Mapp 35:4678\u20134692, 2014<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9<jats:bold>2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]],"date-time":"2014-03-25T12:26:59Z","timestamp":1395750419000},"page":"4678-4692","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Attention\u2010network specific alterations of structural connectivity in the undamaged white matter in acute neglect"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Roza M.","family":"Umarova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medical Centre Freiburg Freiburg Germany"},{"name":"Freiburg Brain Imaging University Medical Centre Freiburg Freiburg Germany"},{"name":"BrainLinks\u2010BrainTools Cluster of 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