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Abnormalities of this protracted developmental process may provide key insights into the cognitive and behavioral deficits that emerge in individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Several studies have demonstrated cortical thickness differences in children and adolescents who were prenatally exposed to alcohol, though all have been cross sectional, limiting conclusions about cortical development with age. In this study, we analyze serially collected <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted MRI from 11 children with FASD and 21 controls, scanned twice each \u223c2 to 4 years apart. Mixed\u2010models analysis of cortical thickness measurements revealed age\u2010by\u2010group interactions in cortical thinning, with FASD participants undergoing less developmental thinning than controls across many regions of the cortex, particularly in medial frontal and parietal areas. These results provide further longitudinal evidence in humans that prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with altered patterns of brain development that persist during childhood and adolescence. <jats:italic>Hum Brain Mapp 35:4892\u20134903, 2014<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 <jats:bold>2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]],"date-time":"2014-04-03T12:43:33Z","timestamp":1396529013000},"page":"4892-4903","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Longitudinal MRI reveals impaired cortical thinning in children and adolescents prenatally exposed to alcohol"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Treit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongming","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Lebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail","family":"Andrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"},{"name":"FASD Diagnostic Clinic, Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Beaulieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1432.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","article-title":"Diagnostic Guide for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: The 4\u2010Digit Diagnostic Code. 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