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Such an understanding could benefit from elucidation of antidepressant effects at the level of neural circuits, which would be crucial in identifying biomarkers for monitoring treatment efficacy of antidepressants. In this study, we recruited 20 first\u2010episode drug\u2010naive major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and performed resting\u2010state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans before and after 8 weeks of treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor\u2014escitalopram. Twenty healthy controls (HCs) were also scanned twice with an 8\u2010week interval. Whole\u2010brain connectivity was analyzed using a graph\u2010theory approach\u2014functional connectivity strength (FCS). The analysis of covariance of FCS was used to determine treatment\u2010related changes. We observed significant group\u2010by\u2010time interaction on FCS in the bilateral dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and bilateral hippocampi. Post hoc analyses revealed that the FCS values in the bilateral dorsomedial prefrontal cortex were significantly higher in the MDD patients compared to HCs at baseline and were significantly reduced after treatment; conversely, the FCS values in the bilateral hippocampi were significantly lower in the patients at baseline and were significantly increased after treatment. Importantly, FCS reduction in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex was significantly correlated with symptomatic improvement. Together, these findings provided evidence that this commonly used antidepressant can selectively modulate the intrinsic network connectivity associated with the medial prefrontal\u2010limbic system, thus significantly adding to our understanding of antidepressant effects at a circuit level and suggesting potential imaging\u2010based biomarkers for treatment evaluation in MDD. <jats:italic>Hum Brain Mapp 36:768\u2013778, 2015<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 <jats:bold>2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,21]],"date-time":"2014-10-21T05:32:27Z","timestamp":1413869547000},"page":"768-778","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":161,"title":["The effects of antidepressant treatment on resting\u2010state functional brain networks in patients with major depressive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University Sixth Hospital Beijing China"},{"name":"Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Mental Health Beijing China"},{"name":"Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingrui","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning &amp; IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University Beijing China"},{"name":"Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology 306 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Beijing 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