{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:34:58Z","timestamp":1791239698662,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,11]],"date-time":"2014-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Alteration of basal ganglia\u2010thalamocortical circuit has been hypothesized to play a role in the pathophysiology underlying paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD). We investigated macrostructural and microstructural changes in PKD patients using structural and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analyses. Twenty\u2010five patients with idiopathic PKD and 25 control subjects were prospectively studied on a 3T magnetic resonance (MR) scanner. Cortical thickness analysis was used to evaluate cortical gray matter (GM) changes, and automated volumetry and shape analysis were used to assess volume changes and shape deformation of the subcortical GM structures, respectively. Tract\u2010based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used to evaluate white matter integrity changes in a whole\u2010brain manner, and region\u2010of\u2010interest (ROI) analysis of diffusion tensor metrics was performed in subcortical GM structures. Compared to controls, PKD patients exhibited a reduction in volume of bilateral thalami and regional shape deformation mainly localized to the anterior and medial aspects of bilateral thalami. TBSS revealed an increase in fractional anisotropy (FA) of bilateral thalami and right anterior thalamic radiation in patients relative to controls. ROI analysis also showed an increase in FA of bilateral thalami in patients compared to controls. We have shown evidence for thalamic abnormalities of volume reduction, regional shape deformation, and increased FA in patients with PKD. Our novel findings of concomitant macrostructural and microstructural abnormalities in the thalamus lend further support to previous observations indicating causal relationship between a preferential lesion in the thalamus and development of PKD, thus providing neuroanatomical basis for the involvement of thalamus within the basal ganglia\u2010thalamocortical pathway in PKD.\n                    <jats:italic>Hum Brain Mapp 36:1429\u20131441, 2015<\/jats:italic>\n                    . \u00a9\n                    <jats:bold>2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,11]],"date-time":"2014-12-11T06:47:54Z","timestamp":1418280474000},"page":"1429-1441","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Thalamic involvement in paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia: A combined structural and diffusion tensor MRI analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Ji Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong\u2010Wook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Konkuk University Hospital, Konkuk University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Bin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang\u2010il","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine Seoul 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