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The CC was traced and divided into six sub\u2010regions. Fractional anisotropy, mean, axial, radial diffusivity and volume were measured from tractography. Perinatal data were collected, and neurodevelopmental tests administered at 7 years' corrected age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Principal observations<\/jats:title><jats:p>VP children had smaller posterior CC regions, higher diffusivity and lower fractional anisotropy compared with FT 7\u2010year\u2010olds. Reduction in diffusivity over time occurred faster in VP than FT children (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.002). Perinatal brain abnormality and earlier GA were associated with CC abnormalities. Microstructural abnormalities at 7 years or slower development of the CC were associated with motor dysfunction, poorer mathematics and visual perception.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is the first to demonstrate an accelerated trajectory of CC white matter diffusion following VP birth, associated with improved neurodevelopmental functioning. Findings suggest there is a window of opportunity for neurorestorative intervention to improve outcomes. <jats:italic>Hum Brain Mapp 36:3733\u20133748, 2015<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 <jats:bold>2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,24]],"date-time":"2015-06-24T12:46:04Z","timestamp":1435149964000},"page":"3733-3748","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Accelerated corpus callosum development in prematurity predicts improved outcome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Deanne K.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria 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