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Both low\u2010level sensory salience and high\u2010level context\u2010related factors (e.g., the conceptual match\/mismatch between objects and scene context) contribute to this selection process, but how the interplay between these factors affects memory encoding is largely unexplored. Here, during fMRI we presented participants with pictures of everyday scenes. After a short retention interval, participants judged the position of a target object extracted from the initial scene. The target object could be either congruent or incongruent with the context of the scene, and could be located in a region of the image with maximal or minimal salience. Behaviourally, we found a reduced impact of saliency on visuospatial working memory performance when the target was out\u2010of\u2010context. Encoding\u2010related fMRI results showed that context\u2013congruent targets activated dorsoparietal regions, while context\u2013incongruent targets de\u2010activated the ventroparietal cortex. Saliency modulated activity both in dorsal and ventral regions, with larger context\u2010related effects for salient targets. These findings demonstrate the joint contribution of knowledge\u2010based and saliency\u2010driven attention for memory encoding, highlighting a dissociation between dorsal and ventral parietal regions. <jats:italic>Hum Brain Mapp 36:5003\u20135017, 2015<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 <jats:bold>2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,3]],"date-time":"2015-09-03T06:54:40Z","timestamp":1441263280000},"page":"5003-5017","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Parietal cortex integrates contextual and saliency signals during the encoding of natural scenes in working memory"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Valerio","family":"Santangelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Laboratory Santa Lucia Foundation Rome Italy"},{"name":"Department of Philosophy Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia Perugia 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