{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:42:04Z","timestamp":1790700124709,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]],"date-time":"2015-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jacques and Gloria Gossweiler Foundation and the Ministry of Education and Science, Republic of Serbia","award":["ON175090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ON175090"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To use a multimodal approach to assess brain structural pathways and resting state (RS) functional connectivity abnormalities in patients with Parkinson's disease and freezing of gait (PD\u2010FoG).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>T1\u2010weighted, diffusion tensor (DT) MRI and RS functional MRI (fMRI) were obtained from 22 PD\u2010FoG patients and 35 controls on a 3.0 T MR scanner. Patients underwent clinical, motor, and neuropsychological evaluations. Gray matter (GM) volumes and white matter (WM) damage were assessed using voxel based morphometry and tract\u2010based spatial statistics, respectively. The pedunculopontine tract (PPT) was studied using tractography. RS fMRI data were analyzed using a model free approach investigating the main sensorimotor and cognitive brain networks. Multiple regression models were performed to assess the relationships between structural, functional, and clinical\/cognitive variables. Analysis of GM and WM structural abnormalities was replicated in an independent sample including 28 PD\u2010FoG patients, 25 PD patients without FoG, and 30 healthy controls who performed MRI scans on a 1.5 T scanner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with controls, no GM atrophy was found in PD\u2010FoG cases. PD\u2010FoG patients showed WM damage of the PPT, corpus callosum, corticospinal tract, cingulum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and WM underneath the primary motor, premotor, prefrontal, orbitofrontal, and inferior parietal cortices, bilaterally. In PD\u2010FoG, right PTT damage was associated with a greater disease severity. Analysis on the independent PD sample showed similar findings in PD\u2010FoG patients relative to controls as well as WM damage of the genu and body of the corpus callosum and right parietal WM in PD\u2010FoG relative to PD no\u2010FoG patients. RS fMRI analysis showed that PD\u2010FoG is associated with a decreased functional connectivity of the primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area bilaterally in the sensorimotor network, frontoparietal regions in the default mode network, and occipital cortex in the visual associative network.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggests that FoG in PD can be the result of a poor structural and functional integration between motor and extramotor (cognitive) neural systems. <jats:italic>Hum Brain Mapp 36:5064\u20135078, 2015<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 <jats:bold>2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]],"date-time":"2015-09-11T14:15:21Z","timestamp":1441980921000},"page":"5064-5078","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":171,"title":["Brain structural and functional connectivity in <scp>P<\/scp>arkinson's disease 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