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Histology has suggested that hindbrain subdivisions grow differentially, especially in the third trimester. Prematurity\u2010related brain injuries occurring in this period may selectively affect more rapidly developing areas of hindbrain, thus accompanying region\u2010specific impairments in growth and ultimately neurodevelopmental deficits. The current study aimed to quantify regional growth of the cerebellum and the brainstem in preterm neonates (<jats:italic>n =<\/jats:italic>65 with individually multiple scans). We probed associations of the regional volumes with severity of brain injury. In neonates with no imaging evidence of injury, our analysis using a mixed\u2010effect linear model showed faster growth in the pons and the lateral convexity of anterior\/posterior cerebellar lobes. Different patterns of growth impairment were found in relation to early cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage and cerebellar hemorrhage (<jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic>0.05), likely explaining different mechanisms through which neurogenesis is disrupted. The pattern of cerebellar growth identified in our study agreed excellently with details of cerebellar morphogenesis in perinatal development, which has only been observed in histological data. Our proposed analytic framework may provide predictive imaging biomarkers for neurodevelopmental outcome, enabling early identification and treatment of high\u2010risk patients.<jats:italic>Hum Brain Mapp 37:678\u2013688, 2016<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9<jats:bold>2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,21]],"date-time":"2015-11-21T07:45:25Z","timestamp":1448091925000},"page":"678-688","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Hindbrain regional growth in preterm newborns and its impairment in relation to brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Hosung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Gano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mai\u2010Lan","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiollogy Mayo Clinic Rochester MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyue M.","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California, San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alisa","family":"Unzueta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California, San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donna M.","family":"Ferriero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Francisco California"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California, San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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