{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:09:50Z","timestamp":1789582190773,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]],"date-time":"2015-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Misdiagnosing bipolar depression can lead to very deleterious consequences of mistreatment. Although depressive symptoms may be similarly expressed in unipolar and bipolar disorder, changes in specific brain networks could be very distinct, being therefore informative markers for the differential diagnosis. We aimed to characterize specific alterations in candidate large\u2010scale networks (frontoparietal, cingulo\u2010opercular, and default mode) in symptomatic unipolar and bipolar patients using resting state fMRI, a cognitively low demanding paradigm ideal to investigate patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Networks were selected after independent component analysis, compared across 40 patients acutely depressed (20 unipolar, 20 bipolar), and 20 controls well\u2010matched for age, gender, and education levels, and alterations were correlated to clinical parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite comparable symptoms, patient groups were robustly differentiated by large\u2010scale network alterations. Differences were driven in bipolar patients by increased functional connectivity in the frontoparietal network, a central executive and externally\u2010oriented network. Conversely, unipolar patients presented increased functional connectivity in the default mode network, an introspective and self\u2010referential network, as much as reduced connectivity of the cingulo\u2010opercular network to default mode regions, a network involved in detecting the need to switch between internally and externally oriented demands. These findings were mostly unaffected by current medication, comorbidity, and structural changes. Moreover, network alterations in unipolar patients were significantly correlated to the number of depressive episodes. Conclusion: Unipolar and bipolar groups displaying similar symptomatology could be clearly distinguished by characteristic changes in large\u2010scale networks, encouraging further investigation of network fingerprints for clinical use. <jats:italic>Hum Brain Mapp 37:808\u2013818, 2016<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 <jats:bold>2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]],"date-time":"2015-11-27T06:26:26Z","timestamp":1448605586000},"page":"808-818","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Differentiating unipolar and bipolar depression by alterations in large\u2010scale brain networks"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Goya\u2010Maldonado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University Medical Center, 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