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Examining the neural basis of TS churned out different research studies that advanced our understanding of the brain pathways involved in its development. Particularly, growing evidence points to abnormalities within the fronto\u2010striato\u2010thalamic pathways. In this study, we combined Tract\u2010Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) and Atlas\u2010based regions of interest (ROI) analysis approach, to investigate the microstructural diffusion changes in both deep and superficial white matter (SWM) in TS children. We then characterized the altered microstructure of white matter in 27 TS children in comparison with 27 age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched healthy controls. We found that fractional anisotropy (FA) decreases and radial diffusivity (RD) increases in deep white matter (DWM) tracts in cortico\u2010striato\u2010thalamo\u2010cortical (CSTC) circuit as well as SWM. Furthermore, we found that lower FA values and higher RD values in white matter regions are correlated with more severe tics, but not tics duration. Besides, we also found both axial diffusivity and mean diffusivity increase using Atlas\u2010based ROI analysis. Our work may suggest that microstructural diffusion changes in white matter is not only restricted to the gray matter of CSTC circuit but also affects SWM within the primary motor and somatosensory cortex, commissural and association fibers. <jats:italic>Hum Brain Mapp 37:1903\u20131919, 2016<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 <jats:bold>2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T06:10:04Z","timestamp":1456812604000},"page":"1903-1919","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Combining tract\u2010 and atlas\u2010based analysis reveals microstructural abnormalities in early Tourette syndrome children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 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