{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:43:29Z","timestamp":1791564209349,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,7]],"date-time":"2016-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001922","name":"Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AThEME"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AThEME"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001922","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Developmental dyslexia is a reading disorder often characterized by reduced awareness of speech units. Whether the neural source of this phonological disorder in dyslexic readers results from the malfunctioning of the primary auditory system or damaged feedback communication between higher\u2010order phonological regions (i.e., left inferior frontal regions) and the auditory cortex is still under dispute. Here we recorded magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals from 20 dyslexic readers and 20 age\u2010matched controls while they were listening to \u223c10\u2010s\u2010long spoken sentences. Compared to controls, dyslexic readers had (1) an impaired neural entrainment to speech in the delta band (0.5\u20131 Hz); (2) a reduced delta synchronization in both the right auditory cortex and the left inferior frontal gyrus; and (3) an impaired feedforward functional coupling between neural oscillations in the right auditory cortex and the left inferior frontal regions. This shows that during speech listening, individuals with developmental dyslexia present reduced neural synchrony to low\u2010frequency speech oscillations in primary auditory regions that hinders higher\u2010order speech processing steps. The present findings, thus, strengthen proposals assuming that improper low\u2010frequency acoustic entrainment affects speech sampling. This low speech\u2010brain synchronization has the strong potential to cause severe consequences for both phonological and reading skills. Interestingly, the reduced speech\u2010brain synchronization in dyslexic readers compared to normal readers (and its higher\u2010order consequences across the speech processing network) appears preserved through the development from childhood to adulthood. Thus, the evaluation of speech\u2010brain synchronization could possibly serve as a diagnostic tool for early detection of children at risk of dyslexia.\n                    <jats:italic>Hum Brain Mapp 37:2767\u20132783, 2016<\/jats:italic>\n                    . \u00a9\n                    <jats:bold>2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc<\/jats:bold>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,10]],"date-time":"2016-04-10T13:40:19Z","timestamp":1460295619000},"page":"2767-2783","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":224,"title":["Out\u2010of\u2010synchrony speech entrainment in developmental dyslexia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Nicola","family":"Molinaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language San Sebastian Spain"},{"name":"Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao 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