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Recent neuroimaging studies have revealed differences along the hippocampal longitudinal axis in terms of structure, connectivity, and function, stressing the importance of improving the reliability of the available segmentation methods that are typically used to divide the hippocampus into its anterior and posterior parts. However, current segmentation conventions present two main sources of variability related to manual operations intended to correct in\u2010scanner head position across subjects and the selection of dividing planes along the longitudinal axis. Here, our aim was twofold: (1) to characterize inter\u2010 and intra\u2010rater variability associated with these manual operations and compare manual (landmark based) and automatic (percentage based) hippocampal anterior\u2013posterior segmentation procedures; and (2) to propose and test automated rotation methods based on approximating the hippocampal longitudinal axis to a straight line (estimated with principal component analysis, PCA) or a quadratic B\u00e9zier curve (fitted with numerical methods); as well as an automated anterior\u2013posterior hippocampal segmentation procedure based on the percentage\u2010based method. Our results reveal that automated rotation and segmentation procedures, used in combination or independently, minimize inconsistencies generated by the accumulation of manual operations while providing higher statistical power to detect well\u2010known effects. A Matlab\u2010based implementation of these procedures is made publicly available to the research community. <jats:italic>Hum Brain Mapp 37:3353\u20133367, 2016<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 <jats:bold>2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,9]],"date-time":"2016-05-09T16:24:39Z","timestamp":1462811079000},"page":"3353-3367","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Automated segmentation of the human hippocampus along its longitudinal axis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9800-4816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Garikoitz","family":"Lerma\u2010Usabiaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BCBL. Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language Donostia\u2010San Sebasti\u00e1n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Eugenio","family":"Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCBL. Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language Donostia\u2010San Sebasti\u00e1n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Insausti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Regional Center for Biomedical Research, School of Medicine University of Castilla\u2010La Mancha Albacete Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas N.","family":"Greve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athinoula A. 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