{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T08:11:01Z","timestamp":1783411861116,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]],"date-time":"2017-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000141","name":"Alberta Foundation for the Arts","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004348","name":"Stockholm County Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) have a male (46,XY) karyotype but no functional androgen receptors. Their condition, therefore, offers a unique model for studying testosterone effects on cerebral sex dimorphism. We present MRI data from 16 women with CAIS and 32 male (46,XY) and 32 female (46,XX) controls. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>: FreeSurfer software was employed to measure cortical thickness and subcortical structural volumes. Axonal connections, indexed by fractional anisotropy, (FA) were measured with diffusion tensor imaging, and functional connectivity with resting state fMRI. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: Compared to men, CAIS women displayed a \u201cfemale\u201d pattern by having thicker parietal and occipital cortices, lower FA values in the right corticospinal, superior and inferior longitudinal tracts, and corpus callosum. Their functional connectivity from the amygdala to the medial prefrontal cortex, was stronger and amygdala\u2010connections to the motor cortex weaker than in control men. CAIS and control women also showed stronger posterior cingulate and precuneus connections in the default mode network. Thickness of the motor cortex, the caudate volume, and the FA in the callosal body followed, however, a \u201cmale\u201d pattern. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: Altogether, these data suggest that testosterone modulates the microstructure of somatosensory and visual cortices and their axonal connections to the frontal cortex. Testosterone also influenced functional connections from the amygdala, whereas the motor cortex could, in agreement with our previous reports, be moderated by processes linked to X\u2010chromosome gene dosage. These data raise the question about other genetic factors masculinizing the human brain than the <jats:italic>SRY<\/jats:italic> gene and testosterone. <jats:italic>Hum Brain Mapp 38:1801\u20131814, 2017<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 <jats:bold>2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]],"date-time":"2017-01-10T05:47:13Z","timestamp":1484027233000},"page":"1801-1814","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Role of testosterone and Y chromosome genes for the masculinization of the human brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Ivanka","family":"Savic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm SE\u2010113 30 Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Stockholm SE\u2010113 30 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