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However, most of these studies compare ASD and typically developing subjects, thus providing little information on the specificity of the abnormalities detected in comparison with other developmental disorders (other\u2010DD). We recruited subjects aged below 36 months who received a clinical diagnosis of Neurodevelopmental Disorder (32 ASD and 16 other\u2010DD including intellectual disability and language disorder) according to DSM\u2010IV TR. Structural and diffusion MRI were acquired to perform whole brain probabilistic and anatomically constrained tractography. Network connectivity matrices were built encoding the number of streamlines (D<jats:sub>NUM<\/jats:sub>) and the tract\u2010averaged fractional anisotropy (D<jats:sub>FA<\/jats:sub>) values connecting each pair of cortical and subcortical regions. Network Based Statistics (NBS) was finally applied on the connectivity matrices to evaluate the network differences between the ASD and other\u2010DD groups. The network differences resulted in an over\u2010connectivity pattern (i.e., higher D<jats:sub>NUM<\/jats:sub> and D<jats:sub>FA<\/jats:sub> values) in the ASD group with a significance of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05. No contra\u2010comparison results were found. The over\u2010connectivity pattern in ASD occurred in networks primarily involving the fronto\u2010temporal nodes, known to be crucial for social\u2010skill development and basal ganglia, related to restricted and repetitive behaviours in ASD. To our knowledge, this is the first network\u2010based diffusion study comparing toddlers with ASD and those with other\u2010DD. Results indicate the detection of different connectivity patterns in ASD and other\u2010DD at an age when clinical differential diagnosis is often challenging. <jats:italic>Hum Brain Mapp 38:2333\u20132344, 2017<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 <jats:bold>2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]],"date-time":"2017-01-17T11:38:20Z","timestamp":1484653100000},"page":"2333-2344","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Network over\u2010connectivity differentiates autism spectrum disorder from other developmental disorders in toddlers: A diffusion MRI study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Conti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neuroscience Stella Maris Scientific Institute Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Australian eHealth Research Centre CSIRO Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Calderoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neuroscience Stella Maris Scientific Institute Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Pannek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Australian eHealth Research Centre CSIRO Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. 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