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A cohort of 18 patients with AD, 18 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 18 normal controls underwent morphological and DKI MR imaging. Images were investigated using regions\u2010of\u2010interest\u2010based analyses for deep gray matter and vertex\u2010wise analyses for cortical gray matter. In deep gray matter, more regions showed DKI parametric abnormalities than atrophies at the early MCI stage. Mean kurtosis (MK) exhibited the largest number of significant abnormalities among all DKI metrics. At the later AD stage, diffusional abnormalities were observed in fewer regions than atrophies. In cortical gray matter, abnormalities in thickness were mainly in the medial and lateral temporal lobes, which fit the locations of known early pathological changes. Microstructural abnormalities were predominantly in the parietal and even frontal lobes, which fit the locations of known late pathological changes. In conclusion, MK can complement conventional diffusion metrics for detecting microstructural changes, especially in deep gray matter. This study also provides evidence supporting the notion that microstructural changes predate morphological changes. <jats:italic>Hum Brain Mapp 38:2495\u20132508, 2017<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 <jats:bold>2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]],"date-time":"2017-02-08T08:42:57Z","timestamp":1486543377000},"page":"2495-2508","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Differential microstructural and morphological abnormalities in mild cognitive impairment and <scp>A<\/scp>lzheimer's disease: Evidence from cortical and deep gray matter"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9249-413X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nan\u2010Jie","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley California"},{"name":"Brain Imaging and 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