{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T05:39:42Z","timestamp":1761975582149,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003195","name":"Ministerie van Economische Zaken","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SSM06011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SSM06011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003195","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Rubicon 446\u201014\u2010015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Rubicon 446\u201014\u2010015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We employed a novel <jats:italic>parametric spider picture set<\/jats:italic> in the context of a parametric fMRI anxiety provocation study, designed to tease apart brain regions involved in threat monitoring from regions representing an exaggerated anxiety response in spider phobics. For the stimulus set, we systematically manipulated perceived proximity of threat by varying a depicted spider's context, size, and posture. All stimuli were validated in a behavioral rating study (phobics <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920; controls <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920; all female). An independent group participated in a subsequent fMRI anxiety provocation study (phobics <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097; controls <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097; all female), in which we compared a whole\u2010brain categorical to a whole\u2010brain parametric analysis. Results demonstrated that the parametric analysis provided a richer characterization of the functional role of the involved brain networks. In three brain regions\u2014the mid insula, the dorsal anterior cingulate, and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex\u2014activation was linearly modulated by perceived proximity specifically in the spider phobia group, indicating a quantitative representation of an exaggerated anxiety response. In other regions (e.g., the amygdala), activation was linearly modulated in both groups, suggesting a functional role in threat monitoring. Prefrontal regions, such as dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, were activated during anxiety provocation but did not show a stimulus\u2010dependent linear modulation in either group. The results confirm that brain regions involved in anxiety processing hold a quantitative representation of a pathological anxiety response and more generally suggest that parametric fMRI designs may be a very powerful tool for clinical research in the future, particularly when developing novel brain\u2010based interventions (e.g., neurofeedback training). <jats:italic>Hum Brain Mapp 38:3025\u20133038, 2017<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 <jats:bold>2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T07:52:37Z","timestamp":1490082757000},"page":"3025-3038","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Quantitative representations of an exaggerated anxiety response in the brain of female spider phobics\u2014a parametric f<scp>MRI<\/scp> study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4889-9700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Zilverstand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Neuroscience Maastricht University Oxfordlaan 55 Maastricht EV 6229 The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York 10029"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Sorger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Neuroscience Maastricht University Oxfordlaan 55 Maastricht EV 6229 The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Kaemingk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Neuroscience Maastricht University Oxfordlaan 55 Maastricht EV 6229 The 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