{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T02:53:50Z","timestamp":1790045630201,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]],"date-time":"2017-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Government Research Grant (EVO)"},{"name":"CURE Innovation Award (USA)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this project was to characterize brain structure and organization in persons with active and remitted childhood onset epilepsy 50 years after diagnosis compared with healthy controls. Participants from a population\u2010based investigation of uncomplicated childhood onset epilepsy were followed up 5 decades later. Forty\u2010one participants had a history of childhood onset epilepsy (mean age of onset\u2009=\u20095.2 years, current chronological age\u2009=\u200956.0 years) and were compared with 48 population\u2010based controls (mean age\u2009=\u200955.9 years). Of the epilepsy participants, 8 had persisting active epilepsy and in 33 the epilepsy had remitted. All participants underwent 3T MRI with subsequent vertex analysis of cortical volume, thickness, surface area and gyral complexity. In addition, cortical and subcortical volumes, including regions of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, and subcortical structures including amygdala, thalamus, and hippocampus, were analyzed using graph theory techniques. There were modest group differences in traditional vertex\u2010based analyses of cortical volume, thickness, surface area and gyral index, as well as across volumes of subcortical structures, after correction for multiple comparisons. Graph theory analyses revealed suboptimal topological structural organization with enhanced network segregation and reduced global integration in the epilepsy participants compared with controls, these patterns significantly more extreme in the active epilepsy group. Furthermore, both groups with epilepsy presented a greater number of higher Z\u2010score regions in betweenness centrality (BC) than lower Z\u2010score regions compared with controls. Also, contrary to the group with remitted epilepsy, patients with active epilepsy presented most of their high BC Z\u2010score regions in subcortical areas including the amygdala, thalamus, hippocampus, pallidum, and accumbens. Overall, this population\u2010based investigation of long term outcome (5 decades) of childhood onset epilepsy reveals persisting abnormalities, especially when examined by graph theoretical measurements, and provides new insights into the very long\u2010term outcomes of active and remitted epilepsy. <jats:italic>Hum Brain Mapp 38:3289\u20133299, 2017<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 <jats:bold>2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,5]],"date-time":"2017-04-05T07:39:13Z","timestamp":1491377953000},"page":"3289-3299","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Brain structure and organization five decades after childhood onset epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4365-9895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camille","family":"Garcia\u2010Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physics University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Bobholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Dabbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Hermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3457-9415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juho","family":"Joutsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku PET Centre, University of Turku Turku 20500 Finland"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Neurosciences Turku University Hospital Turku 20500 Finland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Turku University Hospital Turku 20500 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juha O.","family":"Rinne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku PET Centre, University of Turku Turku 20500 Finland"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Neurosciences Turku University Hospital Turku 20500 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mira","family":"Karrasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Abo Akademi University Turku 20500 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Prabhakaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shlomo","family":"Shinnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics and Epidemiology and Population Health Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine 111 E. 210th Street Bronx New York 10467"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matti","family":"Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Turku Turku 20014 Finland"},{"name":"Department of Child Neurology, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital Turku 20014 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"TACOE Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139228"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02522.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000436069.20513.92"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24691"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00704"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2005.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.05.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22428"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12183"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12283"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181b783dd"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1981.tb06159.x","article-title":"Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures from the commission on classification and terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy","volume":"22","author":"Commission on Revised Classification of Seizures","year":"1981","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05316.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1993.tb00433.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03447.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200033797"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.906426"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg087"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141186"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.02.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp182"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22580"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cognitive outcome in childhood\u2010onset epilepsy five decades later","volume":"22","author":"Karrasch M","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61455-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2014.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02542.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199806113382402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(99)00031-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13187"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2013.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12540"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4265"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki(1991): The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics 19:264\u2013265.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-720X.1991.tb01824.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr223"}],"container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhbm.23593","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hbm.23593","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T12:13:37Z","timestamp":1696594417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hbm.23593"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hbm.23593"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.23593","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1065-9471","1097-0193"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1065-9471","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0193","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,3]]}}}