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However, the IPS has also been found to be important for domain\u2010general abilities, such as visuo\u2010spatial working memory (VSWM). Based on the current literature it is unclear whether individual differences in domain\u2010specific skills, domain\u2010general skills, or a combination of the two, are related to the recruitment of the IPS during arithmetic. This study examines how individual differences in both domain general and domain specific competencies relate to brain activity in the IPS during arithmetic, and whether the relationships are related to how brain activity is measured. In a sample of 44 school\u2010aged children, we found that VSWM was only weakly related to a neural index of arithmetic complexity (neural problem size effect), whereas symbolic number processing skills (symbolic comparison and ordering) were related to overall arithmetic activity (both small and large problems). By simultaneously examining multiple domain\u2010general and domain specific measures, we were also able to determine that symbolic skills were a stronger predictor of brain activity within the IPS than domain general skills such as VSWM and domain specific skills such as non\u2010symbolic number processing. Together, these findings highlight that neural problem size effect may reflect different cognitive processes than brain activity across both small and large arithmetic problems, and that symbolic number processing skills are a critical predictor of variability in IPS activity during arithmetic. <jats:italic>Hum Brain Mapp 38:3941\u20133956, 2017<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 <jats:bold>2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]],"date-time":"2017-05-10T06:12:45Z","timestamp":1494396765000},"page":"3941-3956","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["How do individual differences in children's domain specific and domain general abilities relate to brain activity within the intraparietal sulcus during arithmetic? 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