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It is unknown to what extent these associations reflect genetic confounding and whether the obesity\u2010related connectivity changes are associated with differences in dietary intake. In this study, resting state functional MRI was performed after an overnight fast in 16 female monozygotic twin pairs (aged 48.8\u2009\u00b1\u20099.8 years) with a mean BMI discordance of 3.96\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>(range 0.7\u20138.2). Functional connectivity of the salience, basal ganglia, default mode and anterior cingulate\u2013orbitofrontal cortex networks was examined by independent component analysis. Dietary intake was assessed using 3\u2010day 24\u2010hour recalls. Results revealed that within the basal ganglia network, heavier versus leaner co\u2010twins have decreased functional connectivity strength in bilateral putamen<jats:italic>(P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, FWE\u2010corrected). There were no differences in connectivity in the other networks examined. In the overall group, lower functional connectivity strength in the left putamen was correlated with higher intake of total fat (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). It was concluded that, after eliminating genetic effects, overweight is associated with lower resting state functional connectivity in bilateral putamen in the basal ganglia network. The association between lower putamen connectivity and higher fat intake suggests an important role of the putamen in appetitive mechanisms. The cross\u2010sectional nature of our study cannot discriminate cause and consequence, but the findings are compatible with an effect of lower putamen connectivity on increased BMI and associated higher fat intake.<jats:italic>Hum Brain Mapp 38:5069\u20135081, 2017<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9<jats:bold>2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,18]],"date-time":"2017-07-18T12:24:57Z","timestamp":1500380697000},"page":"5069-5081","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Overweight is associated with lower resting state functional connectivity in females after eliminating genetic effects: A twin study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1310-1738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stieneke","family":"Doornweerd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0558-9435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eelco","family":"van Duinkerken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Medical Psychology VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eco J.","family":"de Geus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parniane","family":"Arbab\u2010Zadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dick J.","family":"Veltman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard G.","family":"IJzerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Comparing Groups \u2010 Continuous Data. 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