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Controversy has arisen as to whether these comprise a unitary cortical cluster\u2014the rIFC\/rAI\u2014or whether rIFC is the primary stopping locus. To address this, we recorded directly from these structures while taking advantage of the high spatiotemporal resolution of closely spaced stereo\u2010electro\u2010encephalographic (SEEG) electrodes. We studied 12 patients performing a stop\u2010signal task. On each trial they initiated a motor response (Go) and tried to stop to an occasional stop signal. Both the rIFC and rAI exhibited an increase in broadband gamma activity (BGA) after the stop signal and within the time of stopping (stop signal reaction time, SSRT), regardless of the success of stopping. The proportion of electrodes with this response was significantly greater in the rIFC than the rAI. Also, the rIFC response preceded that in the rAI. Last, while the BGA increase in rIFC occurred mainly prior to SSRT, the rAI showed a sustained increase in the beta and low gamma bands after the SSRT. In summary, the rIFC was activated soon after the stop signal, prior to and more robustly than the rAI, which on the other hand, showed a more prolonged response after the onset of stopping. Our results are most compatible with the notion that the rIFC is involved in triggering outright stopping in concert with a wider network, while the rAI is likely engaged by other processes, such as arousal, saliency, or behavioral adjustments.\n                    <jats:italic>Hum Brain Mapp 39:189\u2013203, 2018<\/jats:italic>\n                    . \u00a9\n                    <jats:bold>2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,12]],"date-time":"2017-10-12T00:28:49Z","timestamp":1507768129000},"page":"189-203","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Topography and timing of activity in right inferior frontal cortex and anterior insula for stopping movement"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5824-5065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Bartoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam R.","family":"Aron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of California San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitin","family":"Tandon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas"},{"name":"Mischer Neuroscience Institute, Memorial Hermann Hospital Texas Medical Center Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/71.1.1","article-title":"On the existence of maximum\u2010likelihood estimates in logistic regression models","author":"Albert A","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Convergence Failures in Logistic Regression","author":"Allison PD","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2348-16.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0519-07.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","volume-title":"Evidence Supports Specific Braking Function for Inferior PFC. 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