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Here, we investigate changes in topology of subnetworks of resting\u2010state fMRI networks due to mental fatigue induced by prolonged performance of a cognitively demanding task, and their associations with cognitive decline. As it is well established that brain networks have modular organization, community structure analyses can provide valuable information about mesoscale network organization and serve as a bridge between standard fMRI approaches and brain connectomics that quantify the topology of whole brain networks. We developed inter\u2010 and intramodule network metrics to quantify topological characteristics of subnetworks, based on our hypothesis that mental fatigue would impact on functional relationships of subnetworks. Functional networks were constructed with wavelet correlation and a data\u2010driven thresholding scheme based on orthogonal minimum spanning trees, which allowed detection of communities with weak connections. A change from pre\u2010 to posttask runs was found for the intermodule density between the frontal and the temporal subnetworks. Seven inter\u2010 or intramodule network metrics, mostly at the frontal or the parietal subnetworks, showed significant predictive power of individual cognitive decline, while the network metrics for the whole network were less effective in the predictions. Our results suggest that the control\u2010type fronto\u2010parietal networks have a flexible topological architecture to compensate for declining cognitive ability due to mental fatigue. This community structure analysis provides valuable insight into connectivity dynamics under different cognitive states including mental fatigue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]],"date-time":"2018-04-25T04:26:21Z","timestamp":1524630381000},"page":"3528-3545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Fronto\u2010Parietal Subnetworks Flexibility Compensates For Cognitive Decline Due To Mental Fatigue"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Fumihiko","family":"Taya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)  Singapore"},{"name":"Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0000-5392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stavros I.","family":"Dimitriadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff United Kingdom"},{"name":"Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Center (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom"},{"name":"Neuroinformatics Group, (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei","family":"Dragomir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore  Singapore"},{"name":"Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program Duke\u2010NUS Graduate Medical School  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kian Foong","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitish V.","family":"Thakor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore  Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Electrical &amp; Computer Engineering National University of Singapore  Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Singapore  Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8199-6000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasios","family":"Bezerianos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore  Singapore"},{"name":"School of Medicine University of Patras  Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2011.06.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903641106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4790830"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1018985108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-5468\/2008\/10\/P10008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00357"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074125"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2575"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Advances and pitfalls in the analysis and interpretation of resting\u2010state FMRI data","volume":"4","author":"Cole D. 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