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These disruptions can be especially damaging in children, whose brains are still maturing. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is the most commonly used method to assess WM organization, but it has limited resolution to differentiate causes of WM disruption. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) yields spectra showing the levels of neurometabolites that can indicate neuronal\/axonal health, inflammation, membrane proliferation\/turnover, and other cellular processes that are on\u2010going post\u2010injury. Previous analyses on this dataset revealed a significant division within the msTBI patient group, based on interhemispheric transfer time (IHTT); one subgroup of patients (TBI\u2010normal) showed evidence of recovery over time, while the other showed continuing degeneration (TBI\u2010slow). We combined dMRI with MRS to better understand WM disruptions in children with moderate\u2010severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI). Tracts with poorer WM organization, as shown by lower FA and higher MD and RD, also showed lower<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylaspartate (NAA), a marker of neuronal and axonal health and myelination. We did not find lower NAA in tracts with normal WM organization. Choline, a marker of inflammation, membrane turnover, or gliosis, did not show such associations. We further show that multi\u2010modal imaging can improve outcome prediction over a single modality, as well as over earlier cognitive function measures. Our results suggest that demyelination plays an important role in WM disruption post\u2010injury in a subgroup of msTBI children and indicate the utility of multi\u2010modal imaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]],"date-time":"2018-05-11T04:24:45Z","timestamp":1526012685000},"page":"3759-3768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of fiber tracts in children with traumatic brain injury: A combined MRS \u2013 Diffusion MRI study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7112-4009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily L.","family":"Dennis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Imaging Genetics Center, Mary and Mark Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics Marina del Rey 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