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However, in white matter regions that appear homogeneous on T1WIs, T1W\u2010TBM may be inadequate for detecting changes that affect specific pathways. In these regions, diffusion tensor MRI (DTI) can identify white matter pathways on the basis of their different anisotropy and orientation. In this study, we propose performing TBM using deformation fields constructed using all scalar and directional information provided by the diffusion tensor (DTBM) with the goal of increasing sensitivity in detecting morphological abnormalities of specific white matter pathways. Previously, mostly fractional anisotropy (FA) has been used to drive registration in diffusion MRI\u2010based TBM (FA\u2010TBM). However, FA does not have the directional information that the tensors contain, therefore, the registration based on tensors provides better alignment of brain structures and better localization of volume change. We compare our DTBM method to both T1W\u2010TBM and FA\u2010TBM in investigating differences in brain morphology between patients with complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia of type 11 (SPG11) and a group of healthy controls. Effect size maps of T1W\u2010TBM of SPG11 patients showed diffuse atrophy of white matter. However, DTBM indicated that atrophy was more localized, predominantly affecting several long\u2010range pathways. The results of our study suggest that DTBM could be a powerful tool for detecting morphological changes of specific white matter pathways in normal brain development and aging, as well as in degenerative disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T16:33:53Z","timestamp":1537893233000},"page":"4643-4651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Tensor\u2010based morphometry using scalar and directional information of diffusion tensor MRI data (DTBM): Application to hereditary spastic paraplegia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5213-1614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neda","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantitative Medical Imaging National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Arrigoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Lab Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea  Bosisio Parini Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"D'Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Disorders Unit Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea  Bosisio Parini Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cibu","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Learning and Plasticity, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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