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Although BROs have been described under resting and passive fixation conditions, little is known about their characteristics under cognitive loading. To address this, we investigated BRO effects during both mental arithmetic (MA) and passive fixation (PF) tasks using magnetoencephalography (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=20), while maintaining the same sensory environment in both tasks. Our results confirmed the presence of BRO effects in both MA and PF tasks, with similar characteristics including blink\u2010related increase in global field power and blink\u2010related activation of the bilateral precuneus. In addition, cognitive loading due to MA also modulated BRO effects by decreasing BRO\u2010induced cortical activations in key brain regions including the bilateral anterior precuneus. Interestingly, blinking during MA\u2014but not PF\u2014activated regions of the ventral attention network (i.e., right supramarginal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus), suggesting possible recruitment of these areas for blink processing under cognitive loading conditions. Time\u2013frequency analysis revealed a consistent pattern of BRO\u2010related effects in the precuneus in both tasks, but with task\u2010related functional segregation within the anterior and posterior subregions. Based on these findings, we postulate a potential neurocognitive mechanism for blink processing in the precuneus. This study is the first investigation of BRO effects under cognitive loading, and our results provide compelling new evidence for the important cognitive implications of blink\u2010related processing in the human brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,22]],"date-time":"2018-09-22T09:23:39Z","timestamp":1537608219000},"page":"377-393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Cognitive loading via mental arithmetic modulates effects of blink\u2010related oscillations on precuneus and ventral attention network regions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5481-9535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Careesa C.","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujoy Ghosh","family":"Hajra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences and Innovation, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Fraser Health Authority British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam M.","family":"Doesburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology Simon Fraser University  Burnaby British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa P. 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