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Such loss of inhibition and maladaptive plasticity likely correspond to cortical overactivity and disorganized somatotopy, respectively. However, the most plausible mechanism of focal task\u2010specific dystonia remains unclear. To address this question, we assessed brain activity and somatotopic representations of motor\u2010related brain areas using functional MRI and behavioral measurement in healthy instrumentalists and patients with embouchure dystonia as an example of focal task\u2010specific dystonia. Dystonic symptoms were measured as variability of fundamental frequency during long tone playing. We found no significant differences in brain activity between the embouchure dystonia and healthy wind instrumentalists in the motor\u2010related areas. Assessment of somatotopy, however, revealed significant differences in the somatotopic representations of the mouth area for the right somatosensory cortex between the two groups. Multiple\u2010regression analysis revealed brain activity in the primary motor and somatosensory cortices, cerebellum, and putamen was significantly associated with variability of fundamental frequency signals representing dystonic symptoms. Conversely, somatotopic representations in motor\u2010related brain areas were not associated with variability of fundamental frequency signals in embouchure dystonia. The present findings suggest that abnormal motor\u2010related network activity and aberrant somatotopy correlate with different aspects of mechanisms underlying focal task\u2010specific dystonia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,20]],"date-time":"2018-12-20T09:10:30Z","timestamp":1545297030000},"page":"1738-1749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Distinct roles of brain activity and somatotopic representation in pathophysiology of focal dystonia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2350-8694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazumasa","family":"Uehara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Neuroimaging Integrative Brain Imaging Center (IBIC), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Musical Skill and Injury Center (MuSIC) Sophia University  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Research fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Furuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Neuroimaging Integrative Brain Imaging Center (IBIC), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Musical Skill and Injury Center (MuSIC) Sophia University  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Sony Computer Science Laboratories Inc. (Sony CSL)  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidemi","family":"Numazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Neuroimaging Integrative Brain Imaging Center (IBIC), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kahori","family":"Kita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Neuroimaging Integrative Brain Imaging Center (IBIC), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Musical Skill and Injury Center (MuSIC) Sophia University  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Center for Frontier Medical Engineering Chiba University  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Hanakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Neuroimaging Integrative Brain Imaging Center (IBIC), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Musical Skill and Injury Center (MuSIC) Sophia University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25475"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3564-08.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.3.819"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-010-9143-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.2.508"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90829.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000158424.01299.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hand use predicts the structure of representations in sensorimotor cortex","volume":"103","author":"Ejaz N.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22550"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40734-016-0035-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12659"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2015.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275813"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2011.245811"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2010.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e0f784"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000184478.59063.db"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26893"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200404090-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt147"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21091\/mppa.2016.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40734-015-0027-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-010-0241-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-009-0045-7"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","first-page":"713","article-title":"Technical foundations of TANDEM\u2010STRAIGHT, a speech analysis, modification and synthesis framework","volume":"36","author":"Kawahara H.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sadhana \u2010 Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"Kawahara H. 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