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Recently, we found that pregnancy leads to a long\u2010lasting reduction in cerebral gray matter volume. However, the morphometric features behind the volumetric reductions remain unexplored. Furthermore, the similarity between these reductions and those occurring during adolescence, another hormonally similar transitional period of life, still needs to be investigated. Here, we used surface\u2010based methods to analyze the longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging data of a group of 25 first\u2010time mothers (before and after pregnancy) and compare them to those of a group of 25 female adolescents (during 2 years of pubertal development). For both first\u2010time mothers and adolescent girls, a monthly rate of volumetric reductions of 0.09\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> was observed. In both cases, these reductions were accompanied by decreases in cortical thickness, surface area, local gyrification index, sulcal depth, and sulcal length, as well as increases in sulcal width. In fact, the changes associated with pregnancy did not differ from those that characterize the transition during adolescence in any of these measures. Our findings are consistent with the notion that the brain morphometric changes associated with pregnancy and adolescence reflect similar hormonally primed biological processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T04:45:08Z","timestamp":1548045908000},"page":"2143-2152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Pregnancy and adolescence entail similar neuroanatomical adaptations: A comparative analysis of cerebral morphometric changes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Susanna","family":"Carmona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Neuroimagen, Laboratorio de Imagen M\u00e9dica, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Neuroimagen, Laboratorio de Imagen M\u00e9dica, Unidad de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Experimental 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