{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:32:58Z","timestamp":1791873178299,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]],"date-time":"2019-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite numerous studies suggesting the role of insular cortex in the control of autonomic activity, the exact location of cardiac motor regions remains controversial. We provide here a functional mapping of autonomic cardiac responses to intracortical stimulations of the human insula. The cardiac effects of 100 insular electrical stimulations into 47 epileptic patients were divided into tachycardia, bradycardia, and no cardiac response according to the magnitude of RR interval (RRI) reactivity. Sympathetic (low frequency<jats:bold>,<\/jats:bold> LF, and low to high frequency powers ratio, LF\/HF ratio) and parasympathetic (high frequency power, HF) reactivity were studied using RRI analysis. Bradycardia was induced by 26 stimulations (26%) and tachycardia by 21 stimulations (21%). Right and left insular stimulations induced as often a bradycardia as a tachycardia. Tachycardia was accompanied by an increase in LF\/HF ratio, suggesting an increase in sympathetic tone; while bradycardia seemed accompanied by an increase of parasympathetic tone reflected by an increase in HF. There was some left\/right asymmetry in insular subregions where increased or decreased heart rates were produced after stimulation. However, spatial distribution of tachycardia responses predominated in the posterior insula, whereas bradycardia sites were more anterior in the median part of the insula. These findings seemed to indicate a posterior predominance of sympathetic control in the insula, whichever the side; whereas the parasympathetic control seemed more anterior. Dysfunction of these regions should be considered when modifications of cardiac activity occur during epileptic seizures and in cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]],"date-time":"2019-02-28T08:25:33Z","timestamp":1551342333000},"page":"2611-2622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":146,"title":["How the insula speaks to the heart: Cardiac responses to insular stimulation in humans"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0150-8159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Chouchou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRISSE Laboratory (EA4075), UFR SHE University of La R\u00e9union  Le Tampon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Maugui\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon Universit\u00e9 de Lyon  Lyon France"},{"name":"NeuroPain Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CRNL \u2013 INSERM U 1028\/CNRS UMR 5292 University of Lyon  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oph\u00e9lie","family":"Vallayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department University Hospital  Saint\u2010Etienne France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Catenoix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon Universit\u00e9 de Lyon  Lyon France"},{"name":"TIGER Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CRNL \u2013 INSERM U 1028\/CNRS UMR 5292 University of Lyon  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Isnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon Universit\u00e9 de Lyon  Lyon France"},{"name":"NeuroPain Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CRNL \u2013 INSERM U 1028\/CNRS UMR 5292 University of Lyon  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Montavont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon Universit\u00e9 de Lyon  Lyon France"},{"name":"TIGER Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CRNL \u2013 INSERM U 1028\/CNRS UMR 5292 University of Lyon  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon Universit\u00e9 de Lyon  Lyon France"},{"name":"TIGER Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CRNL \u2013 INSERM U 1028\/CNRS UMR 5292 University of Lyon  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Pichot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA SNA\u2010EPIS 4607, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology University of Lyon, Jean Monnet University  Saint\u2010Etienne France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Rheims","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon Universit\u00e9 de Lyon  Lyon France"},{"name":"TIGER Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CRNL \u2013 INSERM U 1028\/CNRS UMR 5292 University of Lyon  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laure","family":"Mazzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroPain Lab, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CRNL \u2013 INSERM U 1028\/CNRS UMR 5292 University of Lyon  Lyon France"},{"name":"Neurology Department University Hospital  Saint\u2010Etienne France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6166045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1103-13.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)62272-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00509.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.08.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2013.075192"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"R245","article-title":"Subcortical sites mediating sympathetic responses from insular cortex in rats","volume":"258","author":"Cechetto D. 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