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However, whether these disruptions occur in transient ischemic attack (TIA), an important risk factor for stroke, remains largely unknown. Combining multimodal MRI techniques, we systematically examined TIA\u2010related topological alterations of functional brain networks, and tested their reproducibility, structural, and metabolic substrates, associations with clinical risk factors and abilities as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. We found that functional networks in patients with TIA exhibited decreased whole\u2010brain network efficiency, reduced nodal centralities in the bilateral insula and basal ganglia, and impaired connectivity of inter\u2010hemispheric communication. These alterations remained largely unchanged when using different brain parcellation schemes or correcting for micro head motion or for regional gray matter volume, cerebral blood flow or hemodynamic lag of BOLD signals in the patients. Moreover, some alterations correlated with the levels of high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (an index related to ischemic attacks via modulation of atherosclerosis) in the patients, distinguished the patients from healthy individuals, and predicted future ischemic attacks in the patients. Collectively, these findings highlight the emergence of characteristic network dysfunctions in TIA, which may aid in elucidating pathological mechanisms and establishing diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,20]],"date-time":"2019-04-20T04:44:57Z","timestamp":1555735497000},"page":"3347-3361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Toward neuroimaging\u2010based network biomarkers for transient ischemic attack"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5547-3361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yating","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutes of Psychological Sciences Hangzhou Normal University  Zhejiang Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments  Zhejiang Hangzhou 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