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Recent studies have shown that hippocampal volume and shape differences may provide unique biomarkers for neurodevelopmental disorders. The hippocampus is vulnerable to early life injury, especially in populations at risk for hypoxemia or hemodynamic instability such as in neonates with CHD. We compared hippocampal gray and white matter volume and morphometry between youth born with CHD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 50) aged 16\u201324 years and healthy peers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 48). We also explored whether hippocampal gray and white matter volume and morphometry are associated with executive function and self\u2010regulation deficits. To do so, participants underwent 3T brain magnetic resonance imaging and completed the self\u2010reported Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function\u2014Adult version. We found that youth with CHD had smaller hippocampal volumes (all statistics corrected for false discovery rate; <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) as compared to controls. We also observed significant smaller surface area bilaterally and inward displacement on the left hippocampus predominantly on the ventral side (<jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.10) in the CHD group that were not present in the controls. Left CA1 and CA2\/3 were negatively associated with working memory (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Here, we report, for the first\u2010time, hippocampal morphometric alterations in youth born with CHD when compared to healthy peers, as well as, structure\u2013function relationships between hippocampal volumes and executive function. These differences may reflect long lasting alterations in brain development specific to individual with CHD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T16:55:43Z","timestamp":1557420943000},"page":"3548-3560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Hippocampal alterations and functional correlates in adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Fontes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advances in Brain and Child Health Development Research Laboratory Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles V.","family":"Rohlicek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Saint\u2010Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Pediatric Radiology Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MR Clinical Science Philips Healthcare  Markham Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn","family":"Easson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advances in Brain and Child Health Development Research Laboratory Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Majnemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Occupational Therapy McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariane","family":"Marelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill Adult Unit for Congenital Heart Disease Excellence McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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