{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:54:44Z","timestamp":1787648084870,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]],"date-time":"2020-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589587200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]],"date-time":"2019-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009592","name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z181100001518005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z181100001518005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61773380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61773380"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81471367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81471367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01MH094524"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01MH094524"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM103472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM103472"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30GM122734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30GM122734"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EB005846"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EB005846"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R56MH117107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56MH117107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1539067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1539067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is growing evidence that rather than using a single brain imaging modality to study its association with physiological or symptomatic features, the field is paying more attention to fusion of multimodal information. However, most current multimodal fusion approaches that incorporate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are restricted to second\u2010level 3D features, rather than the original 4D fMRI data. This trade\u2010off is that the valuable temporal information is not utilized during the fusion step. Here we are motivated to propose a novel approach called \u201cparallel group ICA+ICA\u201d that incorporates temporal fMRI information from group independent component analysis (GICA) into a parallel independent component analysis (ICA) framework, aiming to enable direct fusion of first\u2010level fMRI features with other modalities (e.g., structural MRI), which thus can detect linked functional network variability and structural covariations. Simulation results show that the proposed method yields accurate intermodality linkage detection regardless of whether it is strong or weak. When applied to real data, we identified one pair of significantly associated fMRI\u2010sMRI components that show group difference between schizophrenia and controls in both modalities, and this linkage can be replicated in an independent cohort. Finally, multiple cognitive domain scores can be predicted by the features identified in the linked component pair by our proposed method. We also show these multimodal brain features can predict multiple cognitive scores in an independent cohort. Overall, results demonstrate the ability of parallel GICA+ICA to estimate joint information from 4D and 3D data without discarding much of the available information up front, and the potential for using this approach to identify imaging biomarkers to study brain disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T01:11:16Z","timestamp":1558055476000},"page":"3795-3809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Parallel group ICA+ICA: Joint estimation of linked functional network variability and structural covariation with application to schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3486-2277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shile","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mind Research Network  Albuquerque New Mexico"},{"name":"Tri\u2010institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Sciences (TReNDS) [Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory]  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mind Research Network  Albuquerque New Mexico"},{"name":"Tri\u2010institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Sciences (TReNDS) [Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory]  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1724-7523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mind Research Network  Albuquerque New Mexico"},{"name":"Tri\u2010institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Sciences (TReNDS) [Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory]  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongtao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rogers","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mind Research Network  Albuquerque New Mexico"},{"name":"Tri\u2010institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Sciences (TReNDS) [Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory]  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Iraji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mind Research Network  Albuquerque New Mexico"},{"name":"Tri\u2010institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Sciences (TReNDS) [Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory]  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eswar","family":"Damaraju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mind Research Network  Albuquerque New Mexico"},{"name":"Tri\u2010institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Sciences (TReNDS) [Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory]  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3545-3195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Salman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mind Research Network  Albuquerque New Mexico"},{"name":"Tri\u2010institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Sciences (TReNDS) [Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory]  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongdong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mind Research Network  Albuquerque New Mexico"},{"name":"Tri\u2010institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Sciences (TReNDS) [Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory]  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zening","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mind Research Network  Albuquerque New Mexico"},{"name":"Tri\u2010institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Sciences (TReNDS) [Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory]  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Zhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica A.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Georgia State University  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Bustillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of New Mexico  Albuquerque New Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith M.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel H.","family":"Mathalon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Voyvodic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Duke University  Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"McEwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine at University of California, San Diego  La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Preda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California Irvine  Irvine California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysenil","family":"Belger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina School of Medicine  Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven G.","family":"Potkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California Irvine  Irvine California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryon A.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tulay","family":"Adali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of CSEE University of Maryland, Baltimore Country  Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vince D.","family":"Calhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mind Research Network  Albuquerque New Mexico"},{"name":"Tri\u2010institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Sciences (TReNDS) [Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory]  Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Georgia State University  Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of New Mexico  Albuquerque New Mexico"},{"name":"Department of ECE University of New Mexico  Albuquerque New Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.9.1358"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089976698300017746"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2003.822821"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.01.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2008.923773"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.1048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2015.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2011.0015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00052-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.01.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23086"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21170"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07030504"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM\u2010IV\u2010TR Axis I Disorders","author":"First M. B.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxm045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.10.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20138"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2004.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.12.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.09.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbu177"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.08.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"32","volume-title":"Numerical Optimization","author":"Jorge Nocedal S. J. W.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20359"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20508"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.03.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn162"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2017.2725306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx366"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi S.L. Calhoun V.D. vanErp T.G.M. Damaraju E. Bustillo J. Du Y.H. Turner J.A. Mathalon D.H. Ford J.M. Voyvodic J. Mueller B.A. Belger A. Mc Ewen S. Potkin S.G. Preda A. Jiang T.Z. Sui J.(2016).Supervised multimodal fusion and its application in searching joint neuromarkers of working memory deficits in schizophrenia. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference. Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. pp. 4021\u20134026.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2016.7591609"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.09.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.05.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05432-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.01.008"}],"container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hbm.24632","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hbm.24632","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1002\/hbm.24632","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hbm.24632","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T02:12:12Z","timestamp":1694311932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hbm.24632"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hbm.24632"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.24632","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/595017","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1065-9471","1097-0193"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1065-9471","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0193","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-01-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-05-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-05-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}