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White matter hyperintensity (WMH), a common sign of WM vascular damage in the elderly, is closely related to slower psychomotor processing speed. In this study, we investigated the association between WMH and psychomotor speed changes through a comprehensive assessment of brain structural and functional features. Multi\u2010modal MRIs were acquired from 60 elderly adults. Psychomotor processing speeds were assessed using the Trail Making Test Part A (TMT\u2010A). Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between TMT\u2010A and brain features, including WMH volumes in five cerebral regions, diffusivity parameters in the major WM tracts, regional gray matter volume, and brain activities across the whole brain. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to demonstrate the contribution of each index to slower psychomotor processing speed. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that WMH volume in the occipital lobe and fractional anisotropy of the forceps major, an occipital association tract, were associated with TMT\u2010A. Besides, resting\u2010state brain activities in the visual cortex connected to the forceps major were associated with TMT\u2010A. Hierarchical regression showed fractional anisotropy of the forceps major and regional brain activities were significant predictors of TMT\u2010A. The occurrence of WMH, combined with the disruption of passing\u2010through fiber integrity and altered functional activities in areas connected by this fiber, are associated with a decline of psychomotor processing speed. While the causal relationship of this WMH\u2010Tract\u2010Function\u2010Behavior link requires further investigation, this study enhances our understanding of these complex mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T14:59:11Z","timestamp":1572620351000},"page":"605-616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Understanding the association between psychomotor processing speed and white matter hyperintensity: A comprehensive multi\u2010modality MR imaging study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Shuyue","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou 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