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Longitudinal resting\u2010state functional MRI data were collected (at 1 and 3\u2009months postinjury) from a prospectively enrolled cohort consisting of 68 patients with TBI (92% mild TBI) and  20 healthy subjects. Patients underwent a neuropsychological assessment at 3\u2009months postinjury. Outcome was measured using the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOS\u2010E) at 6\u2009months postinjury. The 57 patients who completed the GOS\u2010E were classified as recovered completely (GOS\u2010E = 8; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 37) or incompletely (GOS\u2010E\u2009&lt;\u20098; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 20). Neuropsychological test scores were similar for all groups. Patients with incomplete recovery spent less time in a segregated brain state compared to recovered patients during the second visit. Also, these patients moved less frequently from one meta\u2010state to another as compared to healthy controls and recovered patients. Furthermore, incomplete recovery was associated with disruptions in cyclic state transition patterns, called attractors, during both visits. This study demonstrates that poor long\u2010term functional recovery is associated with alterations in dynamics between brain networks, which becomes more marked as a function of time. These results could be related to psychological processes rather than injury\u2010effects, which is an interesting area for further work. Another natural progression of the current study is to examine whether these dynamic measures can be used to monitor treatment effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]],"date-time":"2019-10-21T10:26:25Z","timestamp":1571653585000},"page":"617-631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Functional outcome is tied to dynamic brain states after mild to moderate traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Harm J.","family":"van der Horn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Groningen, University Medical Center  Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"The Mind Research Network  Albuquerque New Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9404-0924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor M.","family":"Vergara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mind Research Network  Albuquerque New Mexico"},{"name":"Tri\u2010institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) [Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory]  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flor A.","family":"Espinoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mind Research Network  Albuquerque New Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vince D.","family":"Calhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mind Research Network  Albuquerque New Mexico"},{"name":"Tri\u2010institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) [Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory]  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2396-5609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mind Research Network  Albuquerque New Mexico"},{"name":"Neurology and Psychiatry Department University of New Mexico School of Medicine  Albuquerque New Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joukje","family":"van der Naalt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Groningen, University Medical Center  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"AFNI(1995):http:\/\/afni.nimh.nih.gov\/afni."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f01-004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Multilingual aphasia examination","author":"Benton A.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.1048"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CalhounVD;WagerTD;KrishnanA;RoschKS;SeymourKE;NebelMB;MostofskySH;NyalakanaiP;KiehlK;CalhounV(2017): The impact of T1 versus EPI spatial normalization templates for fMRI data analyses. 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