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Thirty\u2010one NPSLE and 24 non\u2010NPSLE patients and 32 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched normal controls (NCs) were recruited. Three\u2010dimensional ASL\u2010MRI was applied to quantify cerebral perfusion. Whole brain, gray (GM) and white matter (WM), and voxel\u2010based analysis (VBA) were performed to explore perfusion characteristics. Correlation analysis was performed to find the relationship between the perfusion measures, lesion volumes, and clinical variables. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and support vector machine (SVM) classification were applied to differentiate NPSLE patients from non\u2010NPSLE patients and healthy controls. Compared to NCs, NPSLE patients showed increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) within WM but decreased CBF within GM, while non\u2010NPSLE patients showed increased CBF within both GM and WM. Compared to non\u2010NPSLE patients, NPSLE patients showed significantly reduced CBF in the frontal gyrus, cerebellum, and corpus callosum. CBF within several brain regions such as cingulate and corpus callosum showed significant correlations with the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) damage index scores. ROC analysis showed moderate performance in distinguishing NPSLE from non\u2010NPSLE patients with AUCs\u2009&gt;\u20090.7, while SVM analysis demonstrated that CBF within the corpus callosum achieved an accuracy of 83.6% in distinguishing NPSLE from non\u2010NPSLE patients. Different brain perfusion patterns were observed between NPSLE and non\u2010NPSLE patients. CBF measured by noninvasive 3D ASL could be a useful biomarker for the diagnosis and disease monitoring of NPSLE and non\u2010NPSLE patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T06:58:41Z","timestamp":1571986721000},"page":"755-766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Different patterns of cerebral perfusion in SLE patients with and without neuropsychiatric manifestations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Zhizheng","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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