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In early\u2010to\u2010late childhood, brain structure has been shown to be altered in VPT compared to full\u2010term (FT) children; however, the results are inconsistent. The current study examined subcortical volumes, cortical thickness, and surface area in a large cohort of VPT and FT children aged 4\u201312\u2009years. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained on 120 VPT and 146 FT children who returned up to three times, resulting in 176 VPT and 173 FT unique data points. For each participant, Corticometric Iterative Vertex\u2010based Estimation of Thickness was used to obtain global measurements of total brain, cortical grey and cortical white matter volumes, along with surface\u2010based measurements of cortical thickness and surface area, and Multiple Automatically Generated Templates (MAGeT) brain segmentation tool was used to segment the subcortical structures. To examine group differences and group\u2013age interactions, mixed\u2010effects models were used (controlling for whole\u2010brain volume). We found few differences between the two groups in subcortical volumes. The VPT children showed increased cortical thickness in frontal, occipital and fusiform gyri and inferior pre\u2013post\u2013central areas, while thinning occurred in the midcingulate. Cortical thickness in occipital regions showed more rapid decreases with age in the VPT compared to the FT children. VPT children also showed both regional increases, particularly in the temporal lobe, and decreases in surface area. Our results indicate a delayed maturational trajectory in those born VPT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]],"date-time":"2019-11-06T07:04:58Z","timestamp":1573023898000},"page":"892-905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Mapping the neuroanatomical impact of very preterm birth across childhood"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4505-0306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlee M.","family":"Vandewouw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Program in Neurosciences &amp; Mental Health Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia M.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Program in Neurosciences &amp; Mental Health Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1131-2670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah I.","family":"Mossad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Program in Neurosciences &amp; Mental Health Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Program in Neurosciences &amp; Mental Health Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilary A. 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