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Despite the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy, the neurobiological underpinnings and mechanisms underlying electroconvulsive therapy induced antidepressant effects remain unclear. The objective of this investigation was to identify electroconvulsive therapy treatment responsive multimodal biomarkers with the 17\u2010item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale guided brain structure\u2013function fusion in 118 patients with depressive episodes and 60 healthy controls. Results show that reduced fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations in the prefrontal cortex, insula and hippocampus, linked with increased gray matter volume in anterior cingulate, medial temporal cortex, insula, thalamus, caudate and hippocampus represent electroconvulsive therapy responsive covarying functional and structural brain networks. 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Using a data\u2010driven, supervised\u2010learning method, we demonstrated that electroconvulsive therapy produces a remodeling of brain functional and structural covariance that was unique to antidepressant symptom response, but not linked to memory impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T09:36:26Z","timestamp":1578303386000},"page":"1775-1785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Electroconvulsive therapy treatment responsive multimodal brain networks"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3486-2277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shile","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tri\u2010institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) [Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory 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