{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T22:30:29Z","timestamp":1790461829345,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["519220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["519220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diffusion tensor imaging is often used to assess white matter (WM) changes following traumatic brain injury (TBI), but is limited in voxels that contain multiple fibre tracts. Fixel\u2010based analysis (FBA) addresses this limitation by using a novel method of analysing high angular resolution diffusion\u2010weighted imaging (HARDI) data. FBA examines three aspects of each fibre tract within a voxel: tissue micro\u2010structure (fibre density [FD]), tissue macro\u2010structure (fibre\u2010bundle cross section [FC]) and a combined measure of both (FD and fibre\u2010bundle cross section [FDC]). This study used FBA to identify the location and extent of micro\u2010 and macro\u2010structural changes in WM following TBI. A large TBI sample (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>mild<\/jats:sub> =\u2009133, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>moderate\u2013severe<\/jats:sub> =\u200929) and control group (healthy and orthopaedic; <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> =\u2009107) underwent magnetic resonance imaging with HARDI and completed reaction time tasks approximately 7\u2009months after their injury (range: 98\u2013338\u2009days). The TBI group showed micro\u2010structural differences (lower FD) in the corpus callosum and forceps minor, compared to controls. Subgroup analyses revealed that the mild TBI group did not differ from controls on any fixel metric, but the moderate to severe TBI group had significantly lower FD, FC and FDC in multiple WM tracts, including the corpus callosum, cerebral peduncle, internal and external capsule. The moderate to severe TBI group also had significantly slower reaction times than controls, but the mild TBI group did not. Reaction time was not related to fixel findings. Thus, the WM damage caused by moderate to severe TBI manifested as fewer axons and a reduction in the cross\u2010sectional area of key WM tracts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T12:53:20Z","timestamp":1580388800000},"page":"2187-2197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A fixel\u2010based analysis of micro\u2010 and macro\u2010structural changes to white matter following adult traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Erica J.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8957-8594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane L.","family":"Mathias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jurgen","family":"Fripp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian E\u2010Health Research Centre, CSIRO  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian E\u2010Health Research Centre, CSIRO  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Pannek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian E\u2010Health Research Centre, CSIRO  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3306"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rct.0000226397.43235.8b"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-017-9708-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"691","volume-title":"Handbook of clinical neurology","author":"Bigler E. 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