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The effect of jet lag on intrinsic cortical function remains unclear. Twenty\u2010two healthy individuals experiencing west\u2010to\u2010east jet lag flight were recruited. Brain structural and functional magnetic resonance studies, as well as psychological and neurohormonal tests, were carried out when participants returned from travel over six time zones and 50\u2009days later when their jet lag symptoms had resolved. During jet lag, the functional brain network exhibited a small\u2010world topology that was shifted toward regularity. Alterations during jet lag relative to recovery included decreased basal ganglia\u2010thalamocortical network connections and increased functional connectivity between the medial temporal lobe subsystem and medial visual cortex. The lower melatonin and higher thyroid hormone levels during jet lag showed the same trend as brain activity in the right lingual gyrus. Although there was no significant difference between cortisol measurements during and after jet lag, cortisol levels were associated with temporal lobe activity in the jet lag condition. Brain and neuroendocrine changes during jet lag were related to jet lag symptoms. Further prospective studies are needed to explore the time course over which jet lag acts on the human brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T12:21:18Z","timestamp":1583238078000},"page":"2281-2291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The effect of jet lag on the human brain: A neuroimaging study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Feifei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology West China Hospital of Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weikai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science &amp; Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics &amp; Astronautics (NUAA)  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiru","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology West China Hospital of Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaobing","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology West China Hospital of Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"College of Computer Science Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Sweeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology West China Hospital of Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1886-5654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyun","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology West China Hospital of Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5912-4871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiyong","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology West China Hospital of Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2016.1260026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.111765"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"DPARSF: A MATLAB toolbox for \u201cpipeline\u201d data analysis of resting\u2010state fMRI","volume":"4","author":"Chao\u2010Gan Y.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0007-04.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/88384"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2014.955187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/0144665031752934"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/CBI-200041039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhw157"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Age, circadian rhythms, and sleep loss in flight crews","volume":"64","author":"Gander P. 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