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The seven ENIGMA disorder\u2010oriented working groups used the ENIGMA\u2010DTI workflow to derive patterns of deficits using coherent and coordinated analyses that model the disease effects across cohorts worldwide. This yielded the largest studies detailing patterns of white matter deficits in schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and 22q11 deletion syndrome. These deficit patterns are informative of the underlying neurobiology and reproducible in independent cohorts. We reviewed these findings, demonstrated their reproducibility in independent cohorts, and compared the deficit patterns across illnesses. We discussed translating ENIGMA\u2010defined deficit patterns on the level of individual subjects using a metric called the regional vulnerability index (RVI), a correlation of an individual's brain metrics with the expected pattern for a disorder. We discussed the similarity in white matter deficit patterns among SSD, BD, MDD, and OCD and provided a rationale for using this index in cross\u2010diagnostic neuropsychiatric research. We also discussed the difference in deficit patterns between idiopathic schizophrenia and 22q11 deletion syndrome, which is used as a developmental and genetic model of schizophrenia. Together, these findings highlight the importance of collaborative large\u2010scale research to provide robust and reproducible effects that offer insights into individual vulnerability and cross\u2010diagnosis features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T00:24:04Z","timestamp":1587083044000},"page":"194-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["ENIGMA\u2010DTI: Translating reproducible white matter deficits into personalized vulnerability metrics in cross\u2010diagnostic psychiatric research"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3656-4281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Kochunov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. 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K.","family":"Ching","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Genetics Center USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging &amp; Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC  Marina del Rey California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurena","family":"Holleran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway  Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole A.","family":"Andreassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT) Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura S.","family":"van Velzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health  Parkville Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianne","family":"Schmaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health  Parkville Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio E.","family":"Villal\u00f3n\u2010Reina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Genetics Center USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging &amp; Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC  Marina del Rey California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie E.","family":"Bearden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of California at Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Piras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7432-4249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Spalletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odile A.","family":"van den Heuvel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy &amp; Neurosciences Amsterdam Neuroscience  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dick J.","family":"Veltman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy &amp; Neurosciences Amsterdam Neuroscience  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan J.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town SA MRC Unit on Risk &amp; Resilience in Mental Disorders  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghann C.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunlong","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theo G. 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