{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T23:03:29Z","timestamp":1791068609928,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS088160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS088160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The emerging view of dystonia is that of a large\u2010scale functional network disorder, in which the communication is disrupted between sensorimotor cortical areas, basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellum. The structural underpinnings of functional alterations in dystonia are, however, poorly understood. Notably, it is unclear whether structural changes form a larger\u2010scale dystonic network or rather remain focal to isolated brain regions, merely underlying their functional abnormalities. Using diffusion\u2010weighted imaging and graph theoretical analysis, we examined inter\u2010regional white matter connectivity of the whole\u2010brain structural network in two different forms of task\u2010specific focal dystonia, writer's cramp and laryngeal dystonia, compared to healthy individuals. We show that, in addition to profoundly altered functional network in focal dystonia, its structural connectome is characterized by large\u2010scale aberrations due to abnormal transfer of prefrontal and parietal nodes between neural communities and the reorganization of normal hub architecture, commonly involving the insula and superior frontal gyrus in patients compared to controls. Other prominent common changes involved the basal ganglia, parietal and cingulate cortical regions, whereas premotor and occipital abnormalities distinctly characterized the two forms of dystonia. We propose a revised pathophysiological model of focal dystonia as a disorder of both functional and structural connectomes, where dystonia form\u2010specific abnormalities underlie the divergent mechanisms in the development of distinct clinical symptomatology. These findings may guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies directed at targeted neuromodulation of pathophysiological brain regions for the restoration of their structural and functional connectivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T17:02:40Z","timestamp":1587402160000},"page":"3253-3265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["The <scp>large\u2010scale<\/scp> structural connectome of <scp>task\u2010specific<\/scp> focal dystonia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Hanekamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7444-0437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Simonyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2006\/081)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007317"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"1203","article-title":"Isolated focal dystonia as a disorder of large\u2010scale functional networks","volume":"27","author":"Battistella G.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.7.1195"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"S229","article-title":"Striatal dopaminergic function in writer's cramp","volume":"25","author":"Berman B. 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